Implementation of encryption in the PDCP protocol of 5G NR network
DOI: 10.21293/1818-0442-2024-27-1-44-48
Abstract: A software library in C language is created which contains a high-performance implementation of encryption algorithms used in PDCP protocol of 5G NR network. The standard set of algorithms is extended with GOST R 34.12–2015 («Kuznyechik»). Performance optimizations are done by using special extensions to x86 architecture instruction set: AES-NI и AVX. Implementation results for the two most common and secure algorithms, AES and «Kuznyechik», are presented. Their performance was evaluated including consumed clock cycles during execution. All optimizations are described and development prospects of «Kuznyechik» implementation optimizations are given.
Keywords: 5G NR, 3GPP, encryption, «Kuznyechik», AES, communication systems
For citation:
Razenkov S. I., Borsch V. N. Implementation of encryption in the PDCP protocol of 5G NR network. Doklady Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta sistem upravleniya i radioelektroniki, 2024, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 44–48. DOI: 10.21293/1818-0442-2024-27-1-44-48
Authors and copyright holders:
- Razenkov S. I. , National Research Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russia)
- Borsch V. N. , Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (Tomsk, Russia)
- 1. 3GPP TS 21.915 V17.1.0. Available at: https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/21_series/21.905/21905-h10.zip, free (Accessed: April 6, 2023).
- 2. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation N 3339-р dated 24 November 2023 (with the «Communications industry development strategy of Russia up to 2035»). Available at: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/document/0001202312040015, free (Accessed: December 27, 2023) (In Russ.).
- 3. 3GPP TS 38.323 V17.3.0. Available at: https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/38_series/38.323/38323-h30.zip, free (Accessed: April 3, 2023).
- 4. 3GPP TS 33.501 V18.0.0. Available at: https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/33_series/33.501/33501-i00.zip, free (Accessed: March 26, 2023).
- 5. Burmakin A.O., Vorobev E.A., Gokhovich V.A. Overview of LTE security threats. Synergy of Science, 2019, no. 38, рр. 127–140 (in Russ.).
- 6. Sobolev M.A. Сomparative analysis of russian GOST R 34.12-2015 encryption standard and american encryption standard AES. Politekhnicheskiy molodezhnyy zhurnal [Politechnical student journal], 2022., no. 04(69). Available at: https://ptsj.ru/articles/785/eng/785.pdf, free (Accessed: November 7, 2023) (in Russ.).
- 7. 3GPP TS 38.331 V17.3.0. Available at: https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/38_series/38.331/38331-h30.zip, free (Accessed: June 15, 2023).
- 8. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) (FIPS PUB 197). Available at: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.197.pdf, free (Accessed: March 26, 2023).
- 9. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-38A 2001 ED Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 800-38A 2001 ED, 66 p. (December 2001. Available at: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-38a.pdf, free (Accessed: March 26, 2023)
- 10. 3GPP TS 33.401 V17.3.0. Available at: https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/33_series/33.401/33401-h30.zip, free (Accessed: March 26, 2023).
- 11. «Information technology. Cryptographic data security. Block ciphers», GOST R 34.12–2015, Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology, 2015, 21 p.
- 12. 3GPP TS 35.215 V17.0.0. Available at: https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/35_series/35.215/35215-h00.zip, free (Accessed: March 26, 2023).
- 13. 3GPP TS 35.221 V17.0.0. Available at: https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/35_series/35.221/35221-h00.zip, free (Accessed: March 26, 2023).
- 14. Tiny AES in C. Available at: https://github.com/kokke/tiny-AES-c, free (Accessed: May 8, 2023).
- 15. Shay Gueron. Mobility Group, Israel Development Center Intel Corporation. «Intel® Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) New Instructions Set», 2010. Available at: https://www.intel.com/content/dam/doc/white-зaper/advanced-encryption-standard-new-instructions-set-paper.pdf, free (Accessed: May 10, 2023).
- 16. Implementation of the proposed Russian block cipher standard, Kuznechik («Grasshopper»). 128-bit block size, 256-bit key. Available at: https://github.com/mjosaarinen/kuznechik, free (Accessed: May 12, 2023).
- 17. Dorokhin S.V., Kachkov S.S., Sidorenko A.A. Implementation Of «Kuznyechik» Cipher Using Vector Instructions, Proceedings of MIPT, 2018, vol. 10, no. 4, P. 45–53 (in Russ.).
- 18. Heijligenberg T., Knips G., Böhm C., Rupprecht D., Kohls K. BigMac: Performance Overhead of User Plane Integrity Protection in 5G networks. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks (WiSec ’23), May 29 – June 1, 2023, Guildford, United Kingdom. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 6 p. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1145/3558482.3581777, free (Accessed: November 7, 2023).
Last issue
-2026-1_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg)
Editorial office address
Executive Secretary of the Editor’s Office
Editor’s Office: 40 Lenina Prospect, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Phone / Fax: + 7 (3822) 701-582
Viktor N. Maslennikov
Executive Secretary of the Editor’s Office
Editor’s Office: 40 Lenina Prospect, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Phone / Fax: + 7 (3822) 51-21-21 / 51-43-02
Subscription for updates
