Waveguide and diffraction elements of photonic devices and structures optically induced in lithium niobate wafers with photorefractive surface layer

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Authors: Bezpalyy A. D., Verhoturov A. O., Shandarov V. M.

Annotation: Both, the optical waveguide elements and the phase diffraction structures have been formed in crystalline lithium niobate samples with surface doping by photorefractive impurities using the point-by-point exposure and the surface illumination through the amplitude mask.

Keywords: photorefractive effect, lithium niobate, point-by-point exposure, waveguide element, diffraction grating