Method of designing devices based on transmission lines for testing radioelectronic equipment for electromagnetic compatibility

DOI: 10.21293/1818-0442-2025-28-2-42-54

Download article in PDF format

JATS xml

Abstract: Transmission line-based devices (TL) are often used as an al-ternative to anechoic and reverberation chambers when evalu-ating the shielding effectiveness of materials and cables, as well as the levels of emission and susceptibility of small radioelec-tronic equipment (RE), in the context of electromagnetic com-patibility (EMC). One type of structurally complex devices based on TL are TEM cells. They are a closed system of a com-plex metal structure in which transverse electromagnetic waves propagate. These waves generate an electromagnetic field where parameters are in accordance with standards for conduct-ing EMC tests. Development of such devices based on TL with specified parameters and characteristics often represents a chal-lenge. The technique developed in this work made it possible, through the use of several types of computer simulation and cal-culation, to take into account the technological processes of manufacturing a complex shape of waveguide structures made of metal at the design stage. The technique is described in detail using the example of creating a classical symmetrical TEM cell for testing RE objects for EMC up to 20×100×100 mm in size, at |S11| ≤ –21.2 dB in the frequency range up to 2 GHz. It has been tested in the process of creating devices based on TL: a stripline, a small-sized TEM cell and a CTEM cell with operat-ing frequency ranges up to 3, 5 and 12 GHz, respectively.

Keywords: design methodology, transmission lines, electromagnetic compatibility, TEM-cell, radioelectronic equipment, computer simulation, parametric optimization

Funding: This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 23-79-10165, https://rscf.ru/project/23-79-10165/.

For citation:
Komnatnov M. E. Method of designing devices based on transmission lines for testing radioelectronic equipment for electromagnetic compatibility. Doklady Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta sistem upravleniya i radioelektroniki, 2025, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 42–54. DOI: 10.21293/1818-0442-2025-28-2-42-54

Authors and copyright holders:

  • Komnatnov M. E. , Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (Tomsk, Russia)

  • 1. Roseberry B.E., Schulz R.B. A parallel-strip line for testing RF susceptibility. IEEE Transaction on electromagnetic compatibility, 1965, vol. 7, no. 2. pp. 142–150.
  • 2. Crawford M.L. Generation of standard EM fields using TEM transmission cells. IEEE Transaction on electromagnetic compatibility, 1974, vol. EMC-16, no. 4, рр. 189–195.
  • 3. Wilson P.F., Ma M.T. Techniques for measuring the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of materials: part II – near-field source simulation. IEEE Transaction on electromagnetic compatibility, 1988, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 251–259.
  • 4. Wilson P.F., Ma M.T., Adams J.W. Techniques for measuring the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of materials: Part. I: Far-field source simulation. IEEE Transaction on electromagnetic compatibility, 1988, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 239–250.
  • 5. Wilson P., Hansen D., Konigstein D. Simulating open area test site emission measurements based on data obtained in a novel broadband TEM cell. IEEE Nat. symp. on electromagn. compat., Nagoya, Japan, 1989, pp. 171–177.
  • 6. Carbonini L. Theoretical and experimental analysis of a multi-wire rectangularly shielded transmission line for EMC measurements, IEEE Int. symp. on electromagn. compat. (EMC), NJ, USA ,1991, pp. 8–13.
  • 7. Hansen D., Funck J., Ristau D., Moessler S. Comparing the field quality of the new EUROTEM to GTEM and fully absorber lined chambers. IEEE Int. symp. on electromagn. compat., Nagoya, Japan, 1998, pp. 132–136.
  • 8. Podgorski A.S. New concept of hybrid TEM-cell and reverberation chamber facility. IEEE Int. symp. on electromagn. compat. (EMC), PA, USA, 2012, pp. 239–244.
  • 9. Komnatnov M.E., Gazizov T.R. Environmental shielded TEM chamber for biomedical testing. IEEE MTT-S Intern. microw. workshop series on RF and wireless techn. biomed. health. applic. (IMWS-BIO), PA, USA, 2014, pp. 1–3.
  • 10. Huan W., Chen Z. Compensation method for the coupling error between the EUT and TEM cell in E-field probe isotropic calibration. IEEE Int. symp. on electromagn. compat. (EMC), Dresden, Germany, 2015, pp. 1195–1200.
  • 11. Yunsheng J., Cui M. Research on calibration accuracy of D-Dot transient electric field sensor. IEEE Conf. on antenna meas. & applicat. (CAMA), Tsukuba, Japan, 2017. pp. 69–71.
  • 12. Lingling Y., Haiyan S., Ling S., Shenlong W., Boyuan Z., Junwei L. A method for the radiated emission test of IC modules. IEEE 16th Int. conf. on electronic packaging tech. (ICEPT), Changsha, China, 2015, pp. 972–974.
  • 13. Park H.H., Jang H.-T., Park H.-B., Choi C. An EMI evaluation method for integrated circuits in mobile devices. IEEE Transaction on electromagnetic compatibility, 2013, vol. 55, no. 4, рр. 780–787.
  • 14. Integrated Circuits. Measurement of Electromagnetic Emissions. Part 2: Measurement of Radiated Emissions, TEM Cell and Wideband TEM Cell Method, IEC 61967-2. First Edit, 2005. Available at: https://webstore.iec.ch/publica-tion/6185, free (Accessed: November 11, 2024).
  • 15. Integrated Circuits. Measurement of Electromagnetic Immunity. Part 2: Measurement of Radiated Immunity, TEM Cell and Wideband TEM Cell Method, IEC 62132-2, First Edit., 2010. Available at: https://webstore.iec.ch/publica-tion/6508, free (Accessed: November 11, 2024).
  • 16. Measurement of radiated emissions from integrated circuits TEM/Wideband TEM (GTEM) Cell Method; TEM Cell (150 kHz to 1 GHz), Wideband TEM Cell (150 kHz to 8 GHz). SAE J 1752/3:2017-09-22. SAE Int. Publ., 2017. 16 p. Available at: https://www.beuth.de/en/standard/sae-j-1752-3/280447657 (Accessed: November 11, 2024).
  • 17. Lin H.-N., Kuo C.-W., Cheh C.-K., Chen J.-S. Analysis of EMI effect on flash memory IC. Asia-Pacific symp. on electromagn. compat. (APEMC), Singapore, 2012, pp. 757–760.
  • 18. Muccioli J.P., North T.M., Slattery K.P. Predicting module level RF emissions from IC emissions measurements using a 1 GHz TEM or GTEM cell – a review of related published technical papers. IEEE Int. symp. on electromagn. compat. (EMC), Hamburg, Germany, 2008, pp. 1–7.
  • 19. MIL-STD-461G. Department of defense interface standard: Requirements for the control of electromagnetic interference characteristics of subsystems and equipment. 2015. 266 p. Available at: http://everyspec.com/MIL-STD/MIL-STD0300-0499/MIL-STD-461G_53571/ (Accessed: November 13, 2024).
  • 20. Komnatnov M.E. Modeli I Metody Vychisleniya I Izmereniya Effektivnosti Ekranirovaniya Materialov S Ispolzovaniyev Sdvoyenykh I Koaksialnykh TEM-Kamer [Models and methods for calculating and measuring the shielding effectiveness of materials using dual and coaxial TEM cell.] Journal of the Russian universities. Radioelectronics, 2024, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 19–37 (in Russ.).
  • 21. Faraji P., Drewniak J.L., McBain D.S., Pommerenke D. SE measurements with a TEM cell to study gasket reliability IEEE Int. symp. on electromagn. compat. (EMC), Brugge, Belgium, 2013, pp. 1–4.
  • 22. Zhegov N.A., Kirillov V.Y., Klykov A.V., Marchenko M.V., Tomilin M.M. Sravneniye Metodov Issledovaniya Effektivnosti Bortovykh Kabeley Letatelnykk Apparatov [Comparison of research methods of shielding efficiency of on-board cables of flying vehicles.] Technologies of electromagnetic compatibility, 2015, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 44–48 (in Russ.).
  • 23. Park S-H., Huynh H-A., Kim S-Y. Analysis of EMI reduction methods of DC-DC buck converter. Proc. 10th Int. workshop on the electromagn. compat. of integrated circuits (EMC Compo), Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2015, pp. 92–96.
  • 24. Senic D., Sarolic A. Shielding effectiveness measurements in resonant enclosure using mode-tuned and modestirred method. Proc. 21st Int. conf. on applied electromagn. and communications (ICECom), Dubrovnik: Croatia, 2013. pp. 1–4.
  • 25. Mandic T., Gillon R., Nauwelaers B., Baric A. Characterizing the TEM cell electric and magnetic field coupling to PCB transmission lines. IEEE Transaction on electromagnetic compatibility, 2012, vol. 54, no. 5, рр. 976–985.
  • 26. Shi C., Fang W., Chai C., Huang Y., En Y., Yang Y., Liu Y., Chen Y., Liao X. Characterizing the TEM cell electric and magnetic field coupling to PCB transmission lines. IEEE Transaction on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2015, vol. 57, no. 6, рр. 1338–1344.
  • 27. Kohler S., O’Connor R.P., Vu T-D-T., Leveque P., Arnaud-Cormos D. Experimental microdosimetry techniques for biological cells exposed to nanosecond pulsed electric fields using microfluorimetry. IEEE Transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 2013, vol. 61, no. 5, рр. 2015–2022.
  • 28. Busygina A.V., Komnatnov M.E., Matveyenko O.A. Problems of investigations in sphere of electromagnetic fields impact on biological objects. 17th Int. conf. on biomedical engineering and computational techn. (SIBIRCON), Novosibirsk, Russia, 2015, pp. 50–54.
  • 29. Deng S., Pommerenke D., Hubing T., Shin D. An experimental investigation of higher order mode suppression in TEM cells. IEEE Transaction on electromagnetic compatibility, 2008, vol. 50, no. 2, рр. 416–419.
  • 30. Desideri D., Macshio A. Development and commissioning of a test system based on a TEM cell for RF exposure. Brazilian journal of biomedical engineering, 2011, vol. 27, no. 1, рр. 25–30.
  • 31. Hese J.V., Martens L., Zutter D.D., et al Simulation of the effect of inhomogeneities in TEM transmission cells using the FDTD-method. IEEE Transaction on electromagnetic compatibility, 1992, vol. 34, no. 3, рр. 292–297.
  • 32. Fornberg P.E., Holloway C.L. A comparison of the currents induced on an EUT in a TEM cell to those induced in a free-space environment. IEEE Transaction on electromagnetic compatibility, 2007, vol. 49, no. 3, рр. 474–484.
  • 33. Pouhe D. Mutual influence between the equipment under test and TEM cells. IEEE Transaction on electromagnetic compatibility, 2012, vol. 54, no. 4, рр. 726–737.
  • 34. Alotto P., Desideri D., Macshio A. Parametric analysis and optimization of the shape of the transitions of a two-port rectangular TEM cell. IEEE Int. symp. on electromagn. compat. (EMC EUROPE), PA, USA, 2012, pp. 1–6.
  • 35. Hilavin S., Kustepeli A. Design and implementation of a TEM stripline for EMC testing. IEEE Transaction on electromagnetic compatibility, 2014, vol. 56, no. 1, рр. 23–27.
  • 36. Komnatnov M.E., Gazizov T.R., Matveyenko O.A. TEM-kamera dlya otsenki urovney pomekhoemississ i pomekhoustoichivosti radioelektronnykh sredstv s vozmozhnostyu issledovaniya biologicheskikh obyektov v diapazone chastot do 2 GHz [The TEM cell for assessment of radioelectronic equipment of emission and immunity with the possibility of studying biologic objects in the frequency range up to 2 GHz.] Technologies of electromagnetic compatibility, 2018, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 46–56 (in Russ.).
  • 37. Komnatnov M.E., Gazizov T.T. Оptimizatsiya geometricheskikh parametrov TEM-kamery [Optimization of geometrical parameters of TEM cell.] Technologies of electromagnetic compatibility, 2016, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 7–16 (in Russ.).
  • 38. Weil С.M. The characteristic impedance of rectangular transmission lines with thin center conductor and air dielectric. IEEE Transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 1978, vol. 26, no. 4, рр. 238–242.
  • 39. Crawford M.L., Workman J.L., Thomas C.G. Expanding the bandwidth of TEM cells for EMC measurements. IEEE Transaction on electromagnetic compatibility, 1978, vol. 20, no. 3, рр. 368–375.
  • 40. Malaric K., Bartolic J. Design of a TEM-cell with increased usable test area. Turkish journal of electrical engineering and computer sciences, 2003, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 143–154.
  • 41. Cohn S.B. Characteristic impedance of the shieldedstrip transmission line. Transactions of the IRE professional group on microwave theory and techniques, 1954, vol. 2, no. 2, рр. 52–57.
  • 42. Komnatnov М.Е., Gazizov Т.R. Certificate of state registration of a computer program №2014661616. Quasi-static simulation of TEM/GTEM-cells. Application №2014619247. Date of receipt 15.09.2014. Registered in the register of computer programs 10.11.2014 (in Russ.)
  • 43. TUSUR.EMC – system is a software package for modeling electromagnetic compatibility problems. Available at: https://emc.tusur.ru/talgat-software/ (Accessed: December 30, 2024).
  • 44. Yuan Y.-X. A review of trust region algorithms for optimization. Proc. of the fourth int. congress on industrial and applied mathematics (ICM), Edinburgh: Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 1–11.
  • 45. Demakov A.V., Komnatnov М.Е., Gazizov Т.R. Certificate of state registration of a computer program №2017610414. Quasi-static modeling of GTEM-cells. Application № 2016619498. Date of receipt 08.09.2016. Registered in the register of computer programs 10.01.2017 (in Russ.)
  • 46. Komnatnov М.Е. Certificate of state registration of a computer program № 2023681061. Finite element calculation of the electrical parameters of the cross-section of the TEM/GTEM cell. Application № 2023616403. Date of receipt 05.04.2023. Registered in the register of computer programs 18.04.2023 (in Russ.)
  • 47. Komnatnov M., Gazizov T., Melkozerov A. Optimization of the TEM-cell for a new type of climatic chamber. Proc. of IEEE Int. conf. on numerical electromagnetic modeling and optimization for RF, microwave, and terahertz applications, Ottawa, Canada, 2015, pp. 1–4.
  • 48. Komnatnov M.Е., Gazizov T.R. TEM-kamera [TEM chamber]. Patent RF, no. 2606173, 2017 (in Russ.).
  • 49. IEEE 1597.1 IEEE Electromagnetic compatibility society – Standard for validation of computational electromagnetics computer modeling and simulations, 2022. Available at: https://www.bsbedge.com/standard/ieee-standard-for-validation-of-computational-electromagnetics-computer-modelingand-simulations/IEEE1597.1, free (Аccessed: November 11, 2024).
  • 50. Demakov A.V., Gazizov T.R., Komnatnov M.Е. TEMkamera dlya otsenki pomekhoemissii i pomekhoustoychivosti integral'nykh skhem [TEM test cell for estimating noise emission andnoise immunity of integrated circuits]. Patent RF, no. 2727075, 2020 (in Russ.).
  • 51. Demakov A.V., Komnatnov M.Е., Ivanov A.A., Nikolaev I.I., Gazizov T.R. Koaksialnaya kamera dlya izmereniya effektivnosti elektromagnitnogo ekranirovaniya radiopogloshchayushchikh materialov [Coaxial chamber for measuring the effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding of radio absorbing materials]. Patent RF, no. 2759079, 2021 (in Russ.).
  • 52. Komnatnov M.E., Ternov S.A. Poloskovaya liniya dlya otsenki ustoichivosti radioelektronnykh sredstv k vozdeistviyu elektromagnitnogo izlucheniya v diapazone chastot do 3 GHz [The Stripline for assessment of radioelectronic equipment immunity to electromagnetic radiation impact in the frequency range up to 3 GHz.] Technologies of electromagnetic compatibility, 2017, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 44–53 (in Russ.).
Editorial office address

Executive Secretary of the Editor’s Office

 Editor’s Office: 40 Lenina Prospect, Tomsk, 634050, Russia

  Phone / Fax: + 7 (3822) 701-582

  journal@tusur.ru

 

Executive Secretary of the Editor’s Office

 Editor’s Office: 40 Lenina Prospect, Tomsk, 634050, Russia

  Phone / Fax: + 7 (3822) 51-21-21 / 51-43-02

Subscription for updates